Acyclovir ............................... 200 mg
Excipients q.s ....................... 1 tablet
Tablet.
Acyclovir is similar to nucleoside. It interferes with DNA synthesis and selective replication of Herpes virus, resulting in not affecting the metabolism of normal cells. Acyclovir is potently active against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and less active against Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Varicella zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV).
Acyclovir has a good effect on treatment of severe encephalitis caused by HSV-1; the death rate may be reduced from 70% to 20%. Among the patients recovered, the serious complications were also reduced.
Oral bioavailability is about 10 to 20%. Oral acyclovir is mainly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract; the influence of food on the absorption of acyclovir was not apparent. Acyclovir is widely distributed in body tissues and fluids including the brain, kidney, lung, intestine, liver, spleen, uterus, mucosa, vaginal secretions, tears, aqueous humor, seminal fluid, encephalospinal fluid. Plasma protein binding is relatively low (9 to 33%). Peak plasma concentrations of acyclovir usually occur with 1.5 to 2 hours. The elimination half-life of acyclovir is approximately 2 to 3 hours. Acyclovir is excreted principally in the kidneys as unchanged; a small amount of acyclovir is metabolized by the liver.
The drug does not affect the possibility of driving and operating machinery.
Patients with renal impairment. Pregnant women, nursing mothers.
Concurrent use of zidovudine and acyclovir may cause states of dozing and deep sleep.
Probenecid is reported to inhibit the renal elimination of acyclovir, reduce the uric excretion and the purification of acyclovir.
Amphotericin B and ketoconazole enhance the antiviral effect of acyclovir.
The adverse effects have been rarely reported, including
GI disorders: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, colic, anorexia, dyspepsia.
Blood disorders: anemia, hypoleukemia, lymphadenitis, thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenic purpura, haemolytic uraemic syndrome; death which happened in patients with immunodeficiency taking high doses of acyclovir.
Nervous system disorders: headache, dizziness, aggressive behavior. Nervous and sedative reactions (including coma, tremor, hallucination, seizure) have been rarely reported.
Skin disorders: rash, itching, urticaria.
Other reactions: fever, pains, increased hepatic test, hepatitis, jaundice, muscular pain, angioedema, lipsotrichia.
Inform your physician about any adverse effects occur during the treatment.
Symptoms: Precipitation of acyclovir in renal tubules may occur when renal concentrations a solubility of 2.5 mg/ ml or the serum creatinine is elevated. Adverse events that have been also reported in association with overdosage include renal failure, excitement, anxiety, convulsion, palpitation, hypertension, and dysuria.
Management: Hemodialysis is advised until recovery of renal function. The drug should be discontinued and patients should receive fluids and electrolytes.
Store in dry places, not exceeding 30°C, protect from light.
Treatment of initial and recurrent Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 infections on skin and mucosa, Herpes simplex encephalitis.
Treatment of acute Herpes zoster (shingles), ocular shingles, pneumonia due to Herpes zoster in adults.
Treatment of initial and recurrent episodes of genital Herpes.
Treatment of haemorrhagic chickenpox, chickenpox in immunodeficiency patients, neonatal chickenpox.
Hypersensitivity to any components of the drug.
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