Cefaclor monohydrate ....... equivalent to 125 mg of cefaclor
Excipients q.s ......................................................1 sachet
Granules for oral suspension.
Box of 24 sachets x 1.5 g.
Kefcin contains the active ingredient cefaclor which is a second-generation semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with the bactericidal action resulting from inhibition of bacterial cell-wall synthesis.
Cefaclor has in vitro action against Gram-positive cocci similar to that of cephalotin, but is reported to be more active against Gram-negative bacteria especially against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, even beta-lactamase producing strains of H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. Cefaclor has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms in vitro: staphylococci including coagulase-positive, coagulase-negative, penicillinase-producing strains; Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococci); Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta-lactamase producing, ampicillin-resistant strains); Escherichia coli; Proteus mirabilis; Klebsiella spp.; Citrobacter diversus; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Propionibacterium acnes and Bacteroides spp. (excluding Bacteroides fragilis); Peptococcus; Peptostreptococcus.
Cefaclor has no activity against Pseudomonas spp. or Acinetobacter spp., methicillin-resistant staphylococci and most strains of enterococci.
Cefaclor is well absorbed after oral administration to fasting subjects. The presence of food may delay the absorption of cefaclor but total amount absorbed is unchanged. The serum half-life in normal subjects is 30 to 60 minutes. In patients with reduced renal function, the serum half-life of cefaclor is slightly prolonged. In those with complete absence of renal function, the plasma half-life is 2.3 to 2.8 hours. About 25% of cefaclor are bound to plasma protein. Cefaclor appears to be widely distributed in the body; it crosses the placenta and is excreted in low concentrations in breast milk. Cefaclor is rapidly excreted by the kidneys. Probenecid delays the excretion of cefaclor. Some cefaclor is removed by haemodialysis.
Cautions should be taken when driving and using machines.
The patients have had previous hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins, particularly cefaclor or to penicillins. Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported with prolonged administration of cefaclor. Cefaclor should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. In patients with severe renal impairment, renal function should be monitored when applying a long-term therapy or co-administering other medicaments that affect renal function (such as aminoglycosides, furosemides, ...). Use with caution in patients with phenylketonuria (due to containing aspartame). In transfusion cross-matching procedures or in Coombs' testing of newborns whose mothers have received cefaclor before parturition, it should be recognized that a positive Coombs' test may be due to the drug. A false-positive reaction for glucose in the urine may occur.
There are no adequate studies in pregnant women; therefore, cefaclor should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
Small amounts of cefaclor have been detected in mother's milk. The effect on nursing infants is not known, but be cautious if diarrhea, or skin rash appears when the baby is feeding by nursing woman taking cefaclor.
Observation of prothrombin time has been required when cefaclor and warfarin were administered concomitantly, with adjustment of dosage if necessary. The serum elimination of cefaclor is inhibited by probenecid. Renal toxicity has been reported in patients concurrently receiving cefaclor and aminoglycoside antibiotics or furosemide diuretics.
Frequent: Morbilliform eruptions. Diarrhoea. Eosinophilia.
Less frequent: Positive Coombs' tests. Lymphocytosis, leukopenia. Nausea, vomiting. Itching, urticaria. Genital itching, vaginitis, candidiasis.
Rare: Anaphylactic reaction, fever, Stevens - Johnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome, generalized exanthematous pustulosis. Serum-sickness-like reaction (happening more frequently in children than in adults). Thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia. Pseudomembranous colitis. Elevated liver enzymes, hepatitis and obstructive jaundice. Recoverable interstitial nephritis, slight elevations in blood urea or serum creatinine Epilepsy, increased irritation, headache, nervousness, insomnia, confusion, dizziness, hallucinations, somnolence. Arthralgia.
Inform your physician about any adverse effects occur during the treatment.
The toxic symptoms following an overdose of cefaclor may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, and diarrhea. The severity of the epigastric distress and the diarrhea are dose related. If other symptoms are present, it is probable that they are secondary to an underlying disease state, an allergic reaction, or the effects of other intoxication.
In managing overdosage, consider the possibility of multiple drug overdoses, interaction among drugs, and unusual drug kinetics in your patient.
Unless 5 times the normal dose of cefaclor has been ingested, gastrointestinal decontamination will not be necessary. Protect the patient's airway and support ventilation and perfusion. Absorption of drugs from the gastrointestinal tract may be decreased by giving activated charcoal, which, in many cases, is more effective than emesis or lavage; consider charcoal instead of or in addition to gastric emptying.
Forced diuresis, peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis have not been established as beneficial for an overdose of cefaclor.
Store in dry places, not exceeding 30oC, protect from light.
24 months from the manufacturing date.
For the treatment of respiratory tract infections due to susceptible microorganisms; acute otitis media, acute sinusitis, pharyngitis, repeated recurrent tonsillitis; pneumonia, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis; uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections (cystitis); skin and skin structure infections caused by susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
A known history of hypersensitivity to the cephalosporin antibiotics.
The drug is administered orally in fasting condition.
Dissolve the drug in sufficient water (about 5 - 10 ml for 1 sachet), stir well before use.
Adults: usual dose: 250 mg x 3 times a day.
For the treatment of pharyngitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, skin and skin structure infections, lower urinary tract infections: 250 - 500 mg twice daily or 250 mg three times daily.
For more severe conditions: 500 mg x 3 times/ day. Maximum dose: 4 g/day.
In severe renal impairment cases, the dosage needs to be adjusted as follows:
- If creatinine clearance 10 - 50 ml per minute, 50% the usual dose is advised.
- If creatinine clearance < 10 ml per minute, 25% the usual dose is advised.
For patients requiring hemodialysis, the initial dose should be 250 mg to 1 g before hemodialysis and the maintenance dose may be 250 to 500 mg every 6 to 8 hours among the times of heamodialysis.
The elderly: As for adults.
Children: 20 - 40 mg per kg body weight per day, in 2 to 3 divided doses.
In otitis media in children: 40 mg/kg/day in 2 to 3 divided doses, but not exceeding a total daily dose of 1 g.
In the treatment of beta-haemolytic streptococcal infections, therapy should be continued for at least 10 days.
Or as directed by the physician.
Read the directions carefully before use.
Consult the physician for more information.
This drug is for prescriptions only.
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